Palabras clave
Fiabilidad de los datos
Censo
Clasificación de datos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los centenarios son uno de los grupos de edad de más rápido crecimiento a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, surgen varios desafíos al recopilar datos de esta población, particularmente en relación con la calidad de los datos censales. En 2023, Medeiros y Paes propusieron un método para evaluar la calidad global del recuento de centenarios basado en los censos de los países (2010/2011). Ahora, este estudio consiste en revisitar este método, actualizándolo para 87 países con datos comprendidos entre 2020 y 2023. Para cada uno de los países, se calcularon tres indicadores. Luego, se obtuvo un nuevo rango de variaciones para cada uno de estos indicadores. Finalmente, los países fueron clasificados de acuerdo con esta revisión. Los hallazgos de este estudio revelan patrones heterogéneos en la calidad y composición de los datos de centenarios entre los países, lo que está representado por tres categorías: calidad buena, intermedia y baja. La propuesta revisada y actualizada utiliza pocos indicadores que generalmente están disponibles en los registros de recuento poblacional en todos los países.
Citas
Aladejare, S. (2023). Does External Debt Promote Human Longevity in Developing Countries? Evidence from West African Countries. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 16, 213 - 237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-023-00365-1.
Barbi, E., Caselli, G. and Vallin, J. (2003). Trajectories of Extreme Survival in Heterogeneous Populations. Population, 58(1), 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.301.0045.
Barbi, E., Lagona, F., Marsili, M., Vaupel, J. W., & Wachter, K. W. (2018). The plateau of human mortality: Demography of longevity pioneers. Science (New York, N.Y.), 360(6396), 1459–1461. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat3119
Bell, F.C., Miller, M.L.; Life Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100, Actuarial Study No. 120. 2005. http://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/as120/LifeTables_Tbl_7_1900.html
Gavrilov, L. A., Gavrilova, N. S. (2011). Mortality Measurement at Advanced Ages: A Study of the Social Security Administration Death Master File. North American Actuarial Journal, 15(3), 432–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2011.10597629
Gavrilov, L.A., Gavrilova, N.S. (2019) Late-life mortality is underestimated because of data errors. PLoS Biol 17(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000148
IHME. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2025). Global Burden of Disease 2023: Findings from the GBD 2023 Study. Seattle, WA: IHME.
Lozada‐Martínez, I., Marín, J., Castelblanco-Toro, S., Mazenett-Granados, E., Suárez, J., Sarmiento, M., & Anaya, J. (2024) Demographics and clinical characteristics of a new population of Centenarians in Colombia. The COOLCEN cohort. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus. 1 (1),1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100006.
Mackenbach, J., Valverde, J., Bopp, M., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Deboosere, P., Kalediene, R., Kovács, K., Leinsalu, M., Martikainen, P., Menvielle, G., Regidor, E., & Nusselder, W. (2019). Determinants of inequalities in life expectancy: an international comparative study of eight risk factors.. The Lancet. Public health, 4(10), e529-e537. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30147-1.
Marcus, S., Njoku, C., Ijieh, S., & Okon, I. (2023). Undernourishment on Longevity in West Africa: A Group Outcome. AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance. 3(3), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2023.027.
Medeiros, J.B.; Paes, N. A. (2022). Classification proposal to evaluate the quality of census data of centenaries. Latinoamericana De Población Journal, 16. doi:https://doi.org/10.31406/relap2022.v16.e202207
Medeiros, J.B., Paes, N.A. (2025). Updating the Proposal for Assessing the Quality of Census Count of Centenaries. Springer. 57(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82275-9_3
Meyer, J. (2012). Centenarians: 2010, 2010 Census Special Reports. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2012/dec/c2010sr-03.html
Mikkelsen, L., Hooper, J., Adair, T., Badr, A., & Lopez, A. (2023). Comparative performance of national civil registration and vital statistics sys¬tems: a global assessment. Boletim da Organização Mundial da Saúde, 101, 758-767. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.22.289033
Mikkelsen, L., Phillips, D., AbouZahr, C., Setel, P., Savigny, D., Lozano, R., & Lopez, A. (2015). A global assessment of civil registration and vital statistics systems: monitoring data quality and prog¬ress. The Lancet, 386(10001), 1395-1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0140-6736(15)60171-4
Newman, S. J. (2018). Errors as a primary cause of late-life mortality de¬celeration and plateaus. PLoS Biology, 16(12), Article e2006776. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006776
Newman, S. J. (2024). The global pattern of centenarians highlights deep problems in demography. medRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.06.24313170
Omokanmi, O., Ibrahim, R., Ajide, K., & Al-Faryan, M. (2022). Exploring the dynamic impacts of natural resources and environmental pollution on longevity in resource-dependent African countries: Does income level matter?. Resources Policy, 79, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102959.
Paes, N. A. (2018). Statistical demographics of the included events: With examples based on the Brazilian experience. CCTA Publisher.
Perls, T. T. (2017). Male centenarians: How and why are they different from their female counterparts? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 65(9), 1904-1906. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14978
Phillips, D., AbouZahr, C., Lopez, A., Mikkelsen, L., Savigny, D., Lozano, R., Wilmoth, J., & Setel, P. (2015). Are well functioning civil registration and vital statistics systems associated with better health outcomes? The Lancet, 386(10001), 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0140-6736(15)60172-6
Reis, C. S. Dos; Turra, C. (2016). Spatial distribution of centenarians in Brazil: an exploratory analysis of the quality of data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Espinhaço Journal, 5(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958091
Schmertmann, C., Queiroz, B. L., Gonzaga, M. (2024). Data errors in mortality estimation: Formal demographic analysis of under-registration, under-enumeration, and age misreporting. Demographic Research, 51(9), 229–266. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2024.51.9
UNDESA-PD. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition.
UNPD - United Nations Development. Human Development Report, 2025. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf.
UNSD - United Nations Statistics Division. (2025). UNdata: Demographic Statistics Database. Retrieved from https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a22.
Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of American Statistical Association, 58, 236-244. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2282967
WHO. (2023). Healthy ageing: A priority for delivering universal health coverage. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/healthy-ageing--a-priority-for-delivering-universal-health-coverage
Zaccaria, D., Falciola, J., Masotti, B., Von Gunten, A., Herrmann, F., Jopp, D.S. y Cavalli, S. (2025) Data quality in centenarian research: The proxycentenarian relationship and item nonresponse in the SWISS100 study. PLoS ONE 20(1), e0311847. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311847
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Neir Antunes Paes, Rozane Pereira de Sousa, Vivian Conceição Alves Leite Pereira do Lago